Native American Casinos

Introduction: Native American Casinos

In the early 1970's a married Chippewa couple were living in a mobile home. They were on Indian lands in northern Minnesota when they received a property bill tax notice. The couple, Russell and Helen Bryan had their property located within the Chippewa Indian Reservation. They felt that the local authority had no right to make this demand of them. So off to court they went. Though they continuously lost their case in the various courts, from local to the state level, it was the US Supreme Court that eventually ruled in their favor.

Do What You Want

In a far-reaching and unanimous decision, the Justice ruled that local governments have no authority to tax the Natives on their own reservations. Also, had no say in the regulation of activities that could take part on a reservation. So it's with this ruling that the stage was set for tribal gambling. More and more Indian tribes realized the consequences of the court judgment. Most importantly, they saw it was an open invitation to be able to do things that were normally prohibited by state law. And that included gambling.

Native American Casinos: Undercutting The Local Casinos

The first tribe to set up in the gambling game was the Seminole who is based in Florida. Under the leadership of Howard Tommie, they quickly approved the construction of a high-stakes bingo facility. Within the first minute of opening, the local sheriff arrested everyone from the tribe associated with the casino. The tribe sued the local county and won. But this was to set a war of attrition into play over the next few years. But with Florida's strict gambling laws, it didn't take long for the casino complex to become a very popular destination for gamblers from all over the state. The casino was open 6 days of the week. More importantly, it offered jackpots much larger than those allowed by the state, there was a piddling $100 maximum. These are even larger than any of the online gambling sites in the US can offer.

Green With Envy

So now we have thousands of happy punters and Indian tribes finally able to generate some income for themselves. They saw a massive increase in their revenue since gambling became legal on their lands. Unfortunately, the State of Florida was unhappy. They felt that these court rulings gave the reservation casinos a huge advantage over those outsides. And yes, they were right in that. But rather than loosening the regulations to bring them into line with the one's the tribes operated under, the local governments sought to make life difficult for the Native American casinos.

It's Called Racist

Each time, the tribes introduced a new measure or game, the state would sue them in court. The frustration on the part of the local and state governments grew to the point where they were able to successfully lobby Congress for a new law. Under pressure from the casino industry in general, in 1988 Congress passed the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act (IGRA) (signed by President Ronald Reagan). This continued to allow casino to be set up in Native American reservations. But it gave the running authority to the state. It meant that in essence, a "tribal-pact" had to first be in place before any casino could be considered. As you can imagine, the Indians saw this as yet more governmental interference in their own affairs.

Native American Casinos: Reminding The US Of All They Stole

This is an understandable point of view. Up until the late 1950s, Native Americans were some of the most dispossessed people in the country. They suffered depravity and racial profiling. Remember that reservations are made up or the poorest lands. This is in terms of both mineral wealth and/or earth with any farming potential. So, after fighting through the courts and finding victory, it was galling the way the states sought to nullify, or worse, simply close down their operations and seize their assets. Though tribal gaming represents the largest source of income for the tribes that partake in the gambling industry, they are seeing their revenues decline as the state plays a bigger part in rulemaking. The online casino sites in the US also made people stay home and gamble without traveling.

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